C++ Switch Case

Switch Statement in C++:

In C++, the switch statement is used for decision-making based on the value of an expression. It provides a way to execute different code blocks for different values of the expression. Here's the basic syntax:

switch (expression) {
    case value1:
        // Code to execute if expression equals value1
        break;

    case value2:
        // Code to execute if expression equals value2
        break;

    // ... additional cases

    default:
        // Code to execute if expression doesn't match any case
}

Here's an example illustrating the use of the switch statement:

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    char grade;

    std::cout << "Enter your grade (A, B, C, D, or F): ";
    std::cin >> grade;

    switch (grade) {
        case 'A':
            std::cout << "Excellent!" << std::endl;
            break;

        case 'B':
            std::cout << "Good job!" << std::endl;
            break;

        case 'C':
            std::cout << "Satisfactory." << std::endl;
            break;

        case 'D':
            std::cout << "Needs improvement." << std::endl;
            break;

        case 'F':
            std::cout << "Failed." << std::endl;
            break;

        default:
            std::cout << "Invalid grade." << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

In this example, the program prompts the user to enter a grade (A, B, C, D, or F). The switch statement then checks the value of the grade variable and executes the corresponding code block.

A few key points about the switch statement:

• Each case must end with a break statement to exit the switch block. Without break, the control will "fall through" to the next case.
• The default case is optional and is executed if none of the case values match the expression.
• The expression within the switch statement can be of integral or enumerated type. C++17 allows using switch with std::string.

It's worth noting that switch statements are often used when there are multiple values to check against a single expression. If you're dealing with ranges or more complex conditions, if-else if-else statements might be more suitable.