List Comprehension

List comprehension is a concise and powerful way to create lists in Python. It allows you to create a new list by specifying the elements you want to include based on a given expression and optional conditions. The syntax for list comprehension is:

new_list = [expression for item in iterable if condition]

• expression: The expression to be evaluated for each item.
• item: A variable representing an element from the iterable.
• iterable: An iterable (e.g., list, tuple, string) that provides the elements.
• condition (optional): A condition that filters the elements.

Here are some examples of list comprehensions:

# Basic List Comprehension
squares = [x**2 for x in range(5)]
# Output: [0, 1, 4, 9, 16]

# List Comprehension with Condition
even_squares = [x**2 for x in range(10) if x % 2 == 0]
# Output: [0, 4, 16, 36, 64]

# List Comprehension with If-Else
results = ["Even" if x % 2 == 0 else "Odd" for x in range(5)]
# Output: ['Even', 'Odd', 'Even', 'Odd', 'Even']

# Nested List Comprehension
matrix = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
flattened = [item for row in matrix for item in row]
# Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

# List Comprehension with Function
words = ["hello", "world", "python"]
uppercase_lengths = [len(word.upper()) for word in words]
# Output: [5, 5, 6]

List comprehensions are often more readable and concise than traditional for-loops when creating lists. However, it's essential to use them judiciously to maintain readability and avoid overly complex expressions.